Assigned to NREW FOR
COMMITTEE
Assigned to NREW FOR
COMMITTEE
ARIZONA STATE SENATE
Fifty-Third Legislature, Second Regular Session
Purpose
Background
Arizona Department of Water Resources (DWR)
Created in 1980, DWR assumed the responsibilities of the Arizona Water Commission and the State Water Engineer relating to surface water, groundwater and dams and reservoirs (A.R.S. §§ 45-103 and 45-105). DWR administers state water laws, except those related to water quality, which come under the jurisdiction of the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). Arizona's water supplies consist of surface water, including Colorado River water and in-state rivers; groundwater; and reclaimed water (also known as effluent).
1980 Groundwater Code
The 1980 Groundwater Management Act (Act) established a comprehensive management framework to address groundwater rights, groundwater overdraft and requires DWR to administer the Act's provisions (A.R.S. Title 45, Chapter 2). The Act:
a) created Active Management Areas (AMAs) in geographic areas where groundwater depletion is most severe;
b) establishes a goal of safe yield for certain AMAs;
c) requires DWR to develop a series of five sequential management plans for each AMA, beginning in 1980 and ending in 2025;
d) requires new subdivisions to demonstrate that a 100-year assured water supply is available to support the development; and
e) outlines conservation requirements for various users.
Assured and Adequate Water Supply Requirements
Current law requires a developer to obtain a determination from the state regarding the sufficiency of water supplies before a subdivision can be marketed. The Director of DWR is required to evaluate the water supplies that will be used for a new subdivision based on the development’s projected needs, the source of the water and the method of delivery. If the subdivision is inside an AMA, lots may not be sold unless the DWR Director determines that an assured water supply exists.
If the development is outside an AMA, and sufficient water exists to support the development, a certificate of adequate water supply is issued. If the water supply is determined to be inadequate, the property may still be sold, and information on the water supply must be included in documents provided at the initial sale of the property.
An adequate water supply can be demonstrated in one of two ways; 1) the developer has a water supply that is determined to be adequate or sufficient to supply the water needs of the development for 100 years; or 2) the development will be served by a city, town or private water company that has been designated by the DWR Director as having an adequate water supply.
Currently, the board of supervisors (BOS) of a county located outside an AMA may adopt an adequacy provision, by unanimous vote, requiring all new subdivisions to have an adequate water supply for the proposed development to be approved by the platting authority. If adopted, the provision applies countywide and may not be rescinded (A.R.S. § 11-823).
Grandfathered Rights and Extinguishment Credits
In an AMA, a person who was legally withdrawing and using groundwater as of the date of the designation of the AMA or who owns land legally entitled to be irrigated with groundwater has the right to withdraw or receive and use groundwater as determined by the DWR Director, known as grandfathered rights. There are three categories of grandfathered rights: 1) non-irrigation grandfathered rights associated with retired irrigated land; 2) non-irrigation grandfathered rights not associated with retired irrigated land; and 3) irrigation grandfathered rights (A.R.S. § 45-462). An extinguishment credit is an allowance for an assured water supply determination to pump additional groundwater based on retirement of an existing grandfathered groundwater right in the AMA.
Effluent
Effluent is wastewater from homes and businesses collected in a sanitary sewer system and delivered to a wastewater treatment plant. The reclaimed water may be used for various purposes, including agriculture, golf courses, parks, industrial cooling or to recharge aquifers. The use of reclaimed water is regulated by ADEQ.
Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD)
The CAWCD, established in 1971, operates the Central Arizona Project (CAP) and is governed by a 15-member board of directors elected from its three-county service area (Maricopa, Pinal and Pima). The CAWCD is a special taxing district formed to: 1) contract with the U.S. for delivery of CAP water; 2) repay the cost of construction of the CAP; and 3) operate and maintain the CAP aqueduct. The CAWCD is authorized to levy a tax on the property within its boundaries. It operates the Central Arizona Groundwater Replenishment District (CAGRD) and several recharge facilities (A.R.S. Title 48, Chapter 22).
Natural Resource Conservation Districts
Currently, the Arizona State Land Department administers Arizona's Natural Resource Conservation District Program (NRCD), which involves funding and technical assistance for 32 districts in Arizona (A.R.S. Title 37, Chapter 6). NRCDs work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service and Farm Service Agency to provide technical and financial assistance relating to conservation of soil, water and other natural resources.
There is no anticipated fiscal impact to the state General Fund associated with this legislation.
Provisions
County Water Adequacy Provision
1. Requires the BOS of a county that is not in an AMA and that has adopted an adequacy provision to review the adequacy provision:
a) within five years of the general effective date; and
b) at least every ten years thereafter, but not more than every five years.
2. Allows the BOS to readopt the adequacy provision by unanimous vote.
3. Provides that if the adequacy provision is not readopted:
a) the BOS will provide written notice to the State Real Estate Commissioner and the directors of ADWR and ADEQ; and
b) the adequacy provision has no further force only if specific water conservation measures, outlined in the bill, are in place at the time of the vote.
State Forester and NRCDs
4. Transfers administration of NRCDs from the State Land Department to the Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management (DFFM).
5. Establishes the State Forester as the State Natural Resource Conservation Commissioner and expands the duties to require:
a) Public recognition of state water conservation measures or projects; and
b) Promotion of the state's water related advancements and the impact on watersheds, forest health, multiple uses and stormwater runoff protection programs.
6. Provides for transfer of contracts, orders, judicial actions, and all personnel, property, records, data, obligations, and unspent appropriated monies from the State Land Department to the DFFM.
7. Adds the State Forester as an ex officio member of the Arizona Water Protection Fund Commission.
8. Contains a delayed effective date for provisions related to the DFFM.
Effluent
9. Modifies the current definition of effluent to include the term recycled water for purposes of DWR informational materials.
Desalination
10. Requires the DWR Director to prepare a desalination action plan that includes:
a) the location of significant amounts of brackish groundwater and potential uses of the treated water;
b) a cost benefit analysis for treatment and delivery of the water;
c) potential funding sources;
d) an evaluation of the feasibility and costs to dispose of the brine product that results from treating brackish groundwater; and
e) potential binational agreements or projects to treat brackish groundwater or sea water.
11. Establishes a due date for the initial plan of September 30, 2019, and requires an update on the plan and its results every two years.
Transporting Water Out of State
12. Modifies the existing application requirements for a person to withdraw, divert or transport water from Arizona by requiring:
a) notice to the Legislature of the ADWR Director's approval of the application;
b) approval by the Legislature and the Governor for the application to proceed.
13. Specifies the sources of water subject to the application and approval process.
Pinal AMA Extinguishment Credits and Assured Water Supply
14. Requires the DWR Director to adopt rules for calculating extinguishment credits in the Pinal AMA by January 1, 2019. Exempts adoption of these rules from the standard administrative rulemaking process and provides the rules with an immediate effective date.
15. Requires the DWR Director to recalculate the amount of groundwater that is available for use in the Pinal AMA for purposes of determining an assured water supply.
Containerized Plants
16. Modifies restrictions that currently apply to the use of an irrigation grandfathered right (IGFR) in order to allow a person to use an IGFR to withdraw groundwater to water plants in containers that are on or above the surface of the ground if the plants are grown for:
a) sale or human consumption;
b) plant research or plant breeding; or
c) use as feed for livestock or poultry.
17. Requires the amount of water used for containerized plants to be measured separately from groundwater used for an irrigation use on the certificated acres. The combined amount may not exceed the total amount allowed for the farm.
18. Allows a person to request separate certificates for those acres dedicated to containerized plants and for acres dedicated to irrigation uses.
Sixth Management Plan
19. Establishes a sixth management period from 2025 to 2035 and requires the DWR Director to adopt a management plan for each AMA that outlines goals to achieve reductions in withdrawals of groundwater, including conservation measures and requirements for agricultural, municipal and industrial uses.
20.
Requires the DWR Director to
establish at least one advisory committee for each
AMA.
21. Requires an evaluation of the effectiveness of the requirements of the fifth and sixth management plans and recommendations to either continue or revise the conservation requirements. Establishes a due date of December 31, 2030, for the DWR Director to submit the report to the Governor and the Legislature.
Central Arizona Water Conservation District
22. Prohibits CAWCD from claiming immunity under the U.S. Constitution in cases related to water delivery contracts or subcontracts.
23. Requires reciprocal notification between CAWCD and DWR regarding discussions or negotiations related to interstate agreements or agreements with the United States involving use, storage or conservation of Colorado River water.
Miscellaneous
24. Requires Legislative Council to prepare proposed legislation to conform Arizona Revised Statutes to the changes made in this act for consideration during the next regular legislative session.
25. Makes technical and conforming changes.
26. Becomes effective on the general effective date, with a delayed effective date as noted.
Prepared by Senate Research
February 1, 2018
KK/lat